rowid,legislator_id,legislator_id_label,type,state,start,end,class,party,district,how,party_affiliations,url,caucus,address,phone,fax,contact_form,office,state_rank,rss_url,end-type
22471,A000097,John Alexander,rep,MN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
22486,A000339,Albert Austin,rep,CT,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
22487,B000102,Thomas Ball,rep,CT,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
22501,B000211,Bruce Barton,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,17,,,,,,,,,,,,
22506,B000606,Chester Bolton,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,22,,,,,,,,,,,,
22548,D000025,John Danaher,sen,CT,1939-01-03,1945-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
22560,D000063,George Darrow,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
22563,D000111,James Davis,sen,PA,1939-01-03,1945-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
22582,D000468,Cassius Dowell,rep,IA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
22587,E000026,Thomas Eaton,rep,CA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,18,,,,,,,,,,,,
22603,G000087,Fred Gartner,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
22612,G000158,Ernest Gibson,sen,VT,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
22623,G000303,Robert Goodwin,rep,IA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
22626,G000484,Harry Griswold,rep,WI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
22627,H000295,John Harter,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,41,,,,,,,,,,,,
22628,H000375,Charles Hawks,rep,WI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
22629,H000454,George Heinke,rep,NE,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
22630,H000731,Rufus Holman,sen,OR,1939-01-03,1945-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
22631,H000798,Frank Horton,rep,WY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,0,,,,,,,,,,,,
22636,J000075,Walter Jeffries,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
22663,L000439,Bert Lord,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,34,,,,,,,,,,,,
22673,L000498,Robert Luce,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,9,,,,,,,,,,,,
22687,M000119,Carl Mapes,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
22688,M000159,Lycurgus Marshall,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,0,,,,,,,,,,,,
22713,M000557,Clarence McLeod,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,13,,,,,,,,,,,,
22737,N000176,Gerald Nye,sen,ND,1939-01-03,1945-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
22748,P000338,Wallace Pierce,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,31,,,,,,,,,,,,
22753,R000269,Charles Risk,rep,RI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
22754,R000470,Harry Routzohn,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
22758,S000031,Harry Sandager,rep,RI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
22764,S000111,John Schafer,rep,WI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
22765,S000218,James Seccombe,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,16,,,,,,,,,,,,
22774,S000228,George Seger,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,8,,,,,,,,,,,,
22784,S000523,Clyde Smith,rep,ME,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
22804,S001108,John Sweet,rep,NE,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
22815,T000083,James Taylor,rep,TN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
22816,T000236,Jacob Thorkelson,rep,MT,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
22834,W000364,Dudley White,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,13,,,,,,,,,,,,
22835,W000500,George Williams,rep,DE,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,0,,,,,,,,,,,,
22887,B000604,Stephen Bolles,rep,WI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
22918,C000535,Ernest Cluett,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,29,,,,,,,,,,,,
22955,C000948,Frank Crowther,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,30,,,,,,,,,,,,
23004,F000264,Leland Ford,rep,CA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,16,,,,,,,,,,,,
23059,J000060,Benjamin Jarrett,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,20,,,,,,,,,,,,
23062,J000090,Arthur Jenks,rep,NH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
23064,J000111,Joshua Johns,rep,WI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,8,,,,,,,,,,,,
23081,K000214,Samuel King,rep,HI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,0,,,,,,,,,,,,
23187,R000362,Lewis Rockefeller,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,27,,,,,,,,,,,,
23208,R000546,Albert Rutherford,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,15,,,,,,,,,,,,
23294,T000153,Lewis Thill,rep,WI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
23308,T000283,George Tinkham,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,10,,,,,,,,,,,,
23311,V000121,Albert Vreeland,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,11,,,,,,,,,,,,
23330,Y000059,Oscar Youngdahl,rep,MN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
23369,C000195,Albert Carter,rep,CA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
23391,C000968,Francis Culkin,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,32,,,,,,,,,,,,
23428,D000363,John Ditter,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,17,,,,,,,,,,,,
23432,D000453,Fred Douglas,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,33,,,,,,,,,,,,
23448,E000182,Harry Englebright,rep,CA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
23463,F000142,Hamilton Fish,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,26,,,,,,,,,,,,
23509,G000181,Fred Gilchrist,rep,IA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,8,,,,,,,,,,,,
23543,G000538,Ulysses Guyer,rep,KS,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
23576,L000037,William Lambertson,rep,KS,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
23590,M000001,Melvin Maas,rep,MN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
23601,M000545,Donald McLean,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
23621,M000855,Boleslaus Monkiewicz,rep,CT,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,0,,,,,,,,,,,,
23633,O000014,Joseph O’Brien,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,38,,,,,,,,,,,,
23664,S000126,Andrew Schiffler,rep,WV,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
23702,S000823,Foster Stearns,rep,NH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
23724,T000358,Allen Treadway,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
23739,W000327,William Wheat,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,19,,,,,,,,,,,,
23853,G000532,John Gurney,sen,SD,1939-01-03,1945-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
23861,H000146,Clarence Hancock,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,35,,,,,,,,,,,,
23886,H000741,Pehr Holmes,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
23935,K000231,John Kinzer,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,10,,,,,,,,,,,,
23996,M001040,James Mott,rep,OR,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
24037,P000371,William Pittenger,rep,MN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,8,,,,,,,,,,,,
24045,P000488,David Powers,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
24060,R000112,Clyde Reed,sen,KS,1939-01-03,1945-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
24070,R000373,Robert Rodgers,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,29,,,,,,,,,,,,
24109,S001071,Jessie Sumner,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,18,,,,,,,,,,,,
24203,W000645,Thomas Winter,rep,KS,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
24213,W000678,James Wolfenden,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,8,,,,,,,,,,,,
24256,A000250,Walter Andrews,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,40,,,,,,,,,,,,
24275,B000742,Frederick Bradley,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,11,,,,,,,,,,,,
24283,B000816,Ralph Brewster,rep,ME,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
24305,C000473,Charles Clason,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
24403,G000111,Bertrand Gearhart,rep,CA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,9,,,,,,,,,,,,
24408,G000135,Charles Gerlach,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,9,,,,,,,,,,,,
24422,G000169,Charles Gifford,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,15,,,,,,,,,,,,
24427,G000207,George Gillie,rep,IN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
24433,G000384,Robert Grant,rep,IN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
24441,G000493,Chester Gross,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,22,,,,,,,,,,,,
24447,G000543,John Gwynne,rep,IA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
24455,H000217,Forest Harness,rep,IN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
24465,H000298,Fred Hartley,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,10,,,,,,,,,,,,
24488,J000117,Anton Johnson,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,14,,,,,,,,,,,,
24497,J000165,Noble Johnson,rep,IN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
24503,J000249,Robert Jones,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
24508,J000264,Bartel Jonkman,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
24525,K000301,Harold Knutson,rep,MN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
24530,L000052,Gerald Landis,rep,IN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
24551,L000279,Earl Lewis,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,18,,,,,,,,,,,,
24598,M000422,John McDowell,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,31,,,,,,,,,,,,
24616,M000764,William Miller,rep,CT,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
24659,R000358,John Robsion,rep,KY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,9,,,,,,,,,,,,
24678,S000755,Raymond Springer,rep,IN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,10,,,,,,,,,,,,
24701,T000263,Harve Tibbott,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,27,,,,,,,,,,,,
24733,B000232,George Bates,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
24806,C000390,Ralph Church,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,10,,,,,,,,,,,,
24824,E000178,Albert Engel,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,9,,,,,,,,,,,,
24859,J000096,John Jennings,rep,TN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
24869,K000041,Frank Keefe,rep,WI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
24884,L000238,William Lemke,rep,ND,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,0,,,,,,,,,,,,
24942,M000693,Earl Michener,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
24995,P000395,Charles Plumley,rep,VT,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,0,,,,,,,,,,,,
25006,R000209,Robert Rich,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,16,,,,,,,,,,,,
25021,S000536,Frederick Smith,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,8,,,,,,,,,,,,
25042,T000175,John Thomas,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
25053,W000012,James Wadsworth,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,39,,,,,,,,,,,,
25068,W000265,Richard Welch,rep,CA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
25120,A000196,John Anderson,rep,CA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,8,,,,,,,,,,,,
25139,B000515,William Blackney,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
25205,C000889,Fred Crawford,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,8,,,,,,,,,,,,
25242,E000023,Charles Eaton,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
25249,E000160,Charles Elston,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
25292,H000050,Edwin Hall,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,34,,,,,,,,,,,,
25299,H000060,Leonard Hall,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
25404,M001112,Reid Murray,rep,WI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
25494,S000845,Karl Stefan,rep,NE,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
25517,T000009,Robert Taft,sen,OH,1939-01-03,1945-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
25523,T000289,Charles Tobey,sen,NH,1939-01-03,1945-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
25562,W000718,Roy Woodruff,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,10,,,,,,,,,,,,
25577,A000257,Homer Angell,rep,OR,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
25682,G000360,Louis Graham,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,26,,,,,,,,,,,,
25800,S000277,Paul Shafer,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,3,,,,,,,,,,,,
25847,B000356,George Bender,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,0,,,,,,,,,,,,
25932,D000411,George Dondero,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,17,,,,,,,,,,,,
25967,G000031,Ralph Gamble,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,25,,,,,,,,,,,,
25994,H000640,John Hinshaw,rep,CA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,11,,,,,,,,,,,,
26013,H000768,Clifford Hope,rep,KS,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
26048,M000199,Thomas Martin,rep,IA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
26095,R000111,Chauncey Reed,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,11,,,,,,,,,,,,
26119,S000377,Dewey Short,rep,MO,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
26140,W000668,Jesse Wolcott,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
26168,A000239,August Andresen,rep,MN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
26191,B001079,Usher Burdick,rep,ND,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,0,,,,,,,,,,,,
26215,C000221,Francis Case,rep,SD,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
26228,C000515,Cliff Clevenger,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
26240,C000617,William Cole,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,37,,,,,,,,,,,,
26426,J000088,Thomas Jenkins,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,10,,,,,,,,,,,,
26436,K000029,Robert Kean,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,12,,,,,,,,,,,,
26482,L000157,Karl Le Compte,rep,IA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
26504,M000460,J. McGregor,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,17,,,,,,,,,,,,
26622,T000028,Henry Talle,rep,IA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
26633,V000119,John Vorys,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,12,,,,,,,,,,,,
26657,W000450,Richard Wigglesworth,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,13,,,,,,,,,,,,
26667,W000465,Alexander Wiley,sen,WI,1939-01-03,1945-01-03,3,Republican,,,,,,,,,,,,,
26681,W000683,Charles Wolverton,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
26695,A000138,Leo Allen,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,13,,,,,,,,,,,,
26871,H000550,William Hess,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
26924,O000074,James Oliver,rep,ME,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
26960,R000113,Daniel Reed,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,43,,,,,,,,,,,,
26972,R000132,Edward Rees,rep,KS,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
26990,R000392,Edith Rogers,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,5,,,,,,,,,,,,
27003,S000436,Richard Simpson,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,18,,,,,,,,,,,,
27075,A000179,Herman Andersen,rep,MN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
27142,C000365,Robert Chiperfield,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,15,,,,,,,,,,,,
27185,D000585,Henry Dworshak,rep,ID,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
27192,F000075,Ivor Fenton,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,13,,,,,,,,,,,,
27233,H000683,Clare Hoffman,rep,MI,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,
27344,M000224,Noah Mason,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,12,,,,,,,,,,,,
27467,R000108,Brazilla Reece,rep,TN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
27557,T000001,John Taber,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,36,,,,,,,,,,,,
27573,V000069,James Van Zandt,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,23,,,,,,,,,,,,
27702,C000154,Frank Carlson,rep,KS,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,6,,,,,,,,,,,,
27745,D000360,Everett Dirksen,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,16,,,,,,,,,,,,
27915,J000100,Benton Jensen,rep,IA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
27950,K000170,Clarence Kilburn,rep,NY,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,31,,,,,,,,,,,,
28067,O000120,Frank Osmers,rep,NJ,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,9,,,,,,,,,,,,
28343,B000909,Clarence Brown,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,7,,,,,,,,,,,,
28512,K000341,John Kunkel,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,19,,,,,,,,,,,,
28536,M000191,Joseph Martin,rep,MA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,14,,,,,,,,,,,,
28787,B000607,Frances Bolton,rep,OH,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,22,,,,,,,,,,,,
28862,H000081,Charles Halleck,rep,IN,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
28988,M001078,Karl Mundt,rep,SD,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,1,,,,,,,,,,,,
29040,S000590,Margaret Smith,rep,ME,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,2,,,,,,,,,,,,
29717,C000772,Robert Corbett,rep,PA,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,30,,,,,,,,,,,,
30140,A000216,Leslie Arends,rep,IL,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,17,,,,,,,,,,,,
30264,C001006,Carl Curtis,rep,NE,1939-01-03,1941-01-03,,Republican,4,,,,,,,,,,,,